Editors: Dr. R. Balachandar

Dr. K. Ashok Kumar (2022)

ISBN: 978-93-94174-20-7

Pharmacological Applications of Biosynthesized Nanomaterial

R. Anith Kumar¹, Muthusamy Suganthi² and Palanisamy Senthilkumar¹

¹Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur - 603203, India ²Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Pallavaram, Chennai - 600117, India

Nanomaterials (NMs) have emerged as a dynamic field with significant implications in pharmacology, clinical applications, and biomedicine. This chapter deals with pharmacological applications of biosynthesized nanomaterials, with a focus on their potential in treating viral and bacterial infections. The conventional synthesis methods, both top-down and bottom-up, have drawbacks, such as high costs and environmental risks. Biosynthesized nanoparticles, derived from bacteria, fungi, microalgae, and plant extracts, offer a promising alternative due to their reduced toxicity and reliability. The use of biological resources, such as microorganisms and plants, in nanotechnology has gained prominence for their simplicity and effectiveness. Biosynthesized nanomaterials can be categorized into metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, and biological nanoparticles. Various biological systems, including bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants, are explored for their role in green synthesis. The detailed characterization methods, including UV–visible spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, and microscopy techniques, are crucial for understanding the properties of biosynthesized nanoparticles. The therapeutic applications of biosynthesized nanomaterials are discussed, focusing on their potential in infectious diseases, anticancer treatments, anti-inflammatory interventions, and antidiabetic activities. The review highlights the antibacterial and antifungal properties of metal nanoparticles, their application in drug delivery systems, and their role in developing virosomal vaccines. Additionally, the promising results in cancer therapy, particularly in inhibiting cancer cell growth, showcase the potential of biosynthesized nanoparticles as a revolutionary approach in oncology.

*Corresponding author; e-mail: mpsenthilkumar@gmail.com

Cite this Chapter: Anith Kumar, R., Muthusamy Suganthi and Palanisamy Senthilkumar. 2023. Pharmacological Applications of Biosynthesized Nanomaterial. In: R. Balachandar and K. Ashok Kumar (Eds.), Development of Biogenic Nanomaterials and their Benign Applications. Excellent Publishers, India. pp. 45-66. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/978-93-94174-20-7_5