Development of Biogenic Nanomaterials and their Benign Applications pp 91-106
Editors: Dr. R. Balachandar
Dr. K. Ashok Kumar (2022)
ISBN: 978-93-94174-20-7
Chapter 8
Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Bacteria
1Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Chennai – 600 117, India
Abstract
Nanoscience and nanotechnology has attracted a remarkable curiosity to scientists over the last few years due to its potential impact on various scientific fields such as energy, medicine, pharmaceutical industries, electronics, and space industries. This technology deals with small structures and small-sized materials of dimensions in the range of few nanometers to less than 100 nanometers. Nanoparticles (NPs) show unique and considerably changed and more improved chemical, physical, and biological properties compared to bulk of the same chemical composition, as they possess high surface-to-volume ratio. NPs exhibit size and shape-dependent properties which are of interest for applications ranging from biosensing and catalysts to optics, antimicrobial activity, computer transistors, electrometers, chemical sensors, and wireless electronic logic and memory schemes. These particles also have many applications in different fields such as medical imaging, nanocomposites, filters, drug delivery, tissue engineering and hyperthermia of tumors. One of the options to achieve this objective is to use natural processes such as enzymes, microbial enzymes, vitamins, polysaccharides, biodegradable polymers, microorganisms, and biological systems for synthesis of NPs. One approach that shows immense potential is based on the biosynthesis of NPs using bacteria. The objects of recent studies tend to provide a controlled and up-scalable process for biosynthesis of monodispersed and highly stable NPs. Thus, a wide number of bacterial species have been used in green nanotechnology to research alternative methods for the synthesis of NPs. Researchers have started to use biomass or cell extracts of bacteria for synthesizing NPs. Bacteria are considered as a potential biofactory for the synthesis of NPs like gold, silver, platinum, palladium, titanium, titanium dioxide, magnetite, cadmium sulphide, and so forth. Some well-known examples of bacteria synthesizing inorganic materials include magnetotactic bacteria and S layer bacteria. Most metal ions are toxic for bacteria, and, therefore, the bioreduction of ions or the formation of water insoluble complexes is a defense mechanism developed by the bacteria to overcome such toxicity. In this review, most of the bacteria used in nanoparticle biosynthesis are shown. In this regard, there is a demand to develop reliable, nontoxic, clean, ecofriendly, and green experimental protocols for the synthesis of NPs.
Keywords
Nanoscience, energy, medicine, pharmaceutical, industries, electronics, space industries
Cite this Chapter: Ramya, A., D. Divya Tejaswini, Krishna Kumar Ashok Kumar and Gopalakrishnan Abirami, 2023. Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Bacteria. In: R. Balachandar and K. Ashok Kumar (Eds.), Development of Biogenic Nanomaterials and their Benign Applications. Excellent Publishers, India. pp. 91-106. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/978-93-94174-20-7_8
